The next look in our series on some of the other world religions takes us to Judaism. Remember, these are very brief looks that barely scratch the surface.
More information can be obtained in Wiley Publishing, Inc.’s Religion For Dummies. That’s where I got my information and am simply regurgitating their information for you. Let’s take a look at what makes a Jew.
Judaism joins Christianity and Islam as what many call the
Western religions. All three trace their roots through Abraham. They believe in one single, all-knowing God who created the world out of nothing. He made everything and gave living things a special blessing. Man was made in the image of God. They believe God gave human beings the free will to decide how they would live and that He will eventually redeem the world from all its sins and imperfections and usher in an age of universal peace.


Jews receive their inspiration and guidance from the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament by some, but not by the Jews. They do not believe in the concept of the Trinity, as it seems to be the worship of three different Gods. They do not believe Jesus to be the Messiah or savior. Judaism required that the Messiah bring world peace and the gathering of the Jewish exiles. In their eyes, He didn’t do this, so the Messiah is yet to come. They also reflect Jesus as the son of God because God could never become human.
Judaism is one of the world’s few religions that are both
open and
tribal. One can convert to Judaism. That makes it
open. Also, one is a Jew if your mother was Jewish. That makes it
tribal. The Hebrew Bible does not include a personal Messiah. Its prophets proclaim an ethical, as well at ritual, duty to serve God. This holy book also includes a covenant with Noah that covers all peoples and a covenant with Abraham that applies only to Jews. In Judaism, God’s name is made up of four Hebrew letters, YHWH, and is unpronounceable. Some scholars translate the name as
Yehweh, although no Jew would use that word because, for them, speaking the name of God is forbidden. When that name appears in the Hebrew Bible, another word,
adonai, which means my lord, is said instead. Jews also believe that one can not see God and live.


Among the important holidays for the Jews is
Passover, which commemorates God’s deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt. They also celebrate
Hanukkah, which celebrates the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem. They offer communal prayers for the high holidays of
Rosh Hashanah (New Year’s Day) and
Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement). Regular Jewish prayer must be said three times a day. A formal Jewish prayer service requires a
minyan, which is a group of then Jewish male adults.
While Jews have very different rituals and beliefs from most other religions, they share many of the same ethics and morals. Their faith offers a path to salvation from sin. For Jews, our journey is a way to show love of God by performing his commandments, which will change and save us, as well as change and save the world.


Jews hold that a code of law was revealed by God in the
Torah, the first five books of the Jewish Bible. Judaism has a long tradition of arguing with God. This questioning of God’s ways isn’t a sin. Such questioning is encouraged as a way of coming to understand the sacred texts and the ways of God in the world. They also believe that God chose the Jewish people as vessels of his covenant and as witnesses of his love. Being chosen as part of his covenant doesn’t make the Jewish people more holy or better than other people. It only makes them a carrier of God’s words and will, an awesome spiritual responsibility.
The Jewish religious quest is to
mitzvot. Which means, they seek out God’s commandments and try to do as many of them as possible in their lives. Judaism traditionally lists 613 total mitzvot, or commandments. Some of them are positive, which means things God wants you to do, and some of them are negative, which means things God does not want you to do. Some of the positive commandments have to be performed as set times of the day or year.
Jews believe in a heaven and that hell is the final place of torment for the souls of the wicked. In Judaism, hell is called
sheol, and it is just generally a kind of wastebasket for misused souls, where they are destroyed.
Girls are considered adults at the age of 12, while boys are adults at the age of 13. If these events are marked by a ceremony, the girls will have a
bat mitzvah (“daughter of the commandments”) and the boys will have a
bar mitzvah (“son of the commandments”). To emphasize this tradition, the child studies for years in order to be able to perform difficult adult tasks like reading from the Torah scroll and leading a prayer service. This occasion marks a deeper commitment to Jewish life. After the ceremony in the synagogue, the family, friends, and members of the community gather for a feast.
Judaism does contain some dietary laws, as provided in the Torah. For example, you can eat animals with cloven hooves and animals that chew their cud. You can also have fish with fins and scales, flying birds that eat grain and vegetables, separated milk and meat products, and properly killed animals. However, a Jew should not eat pork, eels, shrimp, or shellfish, birds of prey, cheeseburgers, or road kill.
In Judaism, a speedy burial is a law and a firm tradition. Burial within a day is preferred, but a burial can be delayed if a mourner has to come from another city. Jewish law does not permit a rabbi to marry Jews to unconverted non-Jews. The Jewish concept of charity is that everything belongs to God and we should share what we have with those that have not been given enough.
For Jews, Jerusalem is the holiest place on earth. It’s the place where Abraham proved his faith to God. Of course, Christianity and Islam claim Jerusalem to be very important to them and their religions. That is some of the reason the city is such a hot spot for discontentment between these groups. Ironically, the name Jerusalem comes from the words
ir shalom, which means City of Peace. Jerusalem is where King Solomon built the temple. The temple was destroyed, rebuilt, destroyed, rebuilt, and destroyed. The only thing left is the Western Wall. Because of the sacredness of this site, Jews place notes into the cracks of the wall. The inner sanctuary of the temple is where the Ark of the Covenant, the chest containing the tablets on which the Ten Commandments were inscribed, was kept. Only the high priest could enter this holy area and only once a year, on Yom Kippur. He entered with ropes tied to his ankles so that if he died while he was in the inner chamber, the people could pull him out.


The Jewish calendar is different than ours. Why would they use the year 2006 when that is in reference tied to the death of Jesus Christ. Therefore, they are in their year 5767, which they calculate based on what they believe to be the year of creation. There are several sects of Jews including Orthodox Jews (Hasidic and Modern), Conservative Jews, Reform Jews, and Reconstructionist Jews. They share many core beliefs but differ in some ways.
You can’t really explain one of the world’s oldest religions in such a short text. However, I hope you have been enlightened at least somewhat. Let me know if you have any questions or comments. We’ll see what we can do to learn more. Hang in there.
Little Boze